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Effective Literature Searching: SPICE Framework

Learn how to perform an effective literature search by translating a research question into a search strategy in a database such as PubMed

SPICE Framework

SPICE Framework

The SPICE framework is useful for qualitative research questions where the outcome of a project, service, or intervention is evaluated.

S P I C E
Setting Perspective Intervention Comparison Evaluation
Location of research/study Group being studied Treatment, prognostic factor, management strategy, diagnostic test or exposure Control or alternative management strategy you would like to compare to the intervention  Outcome measures

SPICE Example: In assisted living facilities (S), do therapy dog visits (I) as opposed to no therapy dog visits (C), reduce feelings of loneliness (E) in older residents (P)?